"The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the System. The proposal on setting the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the long-term goals for 2035 clearly states that it is necessary to promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road". Adhere to the principle of consultation, co-construction and sharing, uphold the concept of green, openness and integrity, deepen pragmatic cooperation, strengthen security and promote common development. Adhere to enterprise-oriented, market-oriented, follow international practices and the principle of debt sustainability, and improve the diversified investment and financing system

With the advancement of the "Belt and Road" construction, what achievements have China's mining enterprises made in "going out" to seek cooperation in mineral resources, and how should they continue to expand international mining capacity cooperation in the future?
"Belt and Road" construction promotes international mining cooperation The
ancient Silk Road flourished in the Han Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, land routes were the mainstay and sea routes began; During the Tang Dynasty, land and sea were both prosperous and prosperous. It is an important bridge for trade exchanges and civilizational exchanges between the East and the West. Along the ancient Silk Road, people realized the exchange of goods, and promoted the wide spread of mining, metal smelting and other technologies.
Since the Belt and Road Initiative was proposed in September 2013, countries along the route have cooperated more and more closely, showing a good development trend, and promoting the rational allocation of global energy resources. The pace of international mining cooperation is accelerating, bringing new historic development opportunities for the development of the mining industry. The role of Chinese mining enterprises in international mining cooperation has also become increasingly significant.
Countries along the "Belt and Road" are rich in mineral resources and have great development potential, and occupy a pivotal position in the development of global mining. According to statistics, there are nearly 200 kinds of minerals in countries along the "Belt and Road", worth about 250 trillion US dollars, accounting for about 60% of the world. Among them, important solid mineral resources include copper, gold, nickel, bauxite, iron ore, tin, potash and so on.
The mineral varieties of countries along the "Belt and Road" complement China. For example, nickel ore in Indonesia and the Philippines, potash in Thailand and Laos are urgently needed minerals for China's development. China is rich in tungsten ore and rare earths, which can be used by countries along the route. To a certain extent, this reflects the complementary advantages of resources between China and countries along the "Belt and Road". In addition, although some countries along the Belt and Road are rich in resources, their infrastructure and industrial systems are not perfect, while China has rich construction experience and technical and financial advantages, and mutual cooperation can achieve mutual benefit and win-win results.
International production capacity cooperation has made good progress The "Belt and Road
" construction has been deepening, providing a broad space for the development of mining economic cooperation. With the effective docking of mining capital, the free flow of industrial factors, the new pattern of global mining development has been achieved, and China's international production capacity cooperation has made good progress.
In September 2020, the Ministry of Commerce and other departments jointly released the 2019 Statistical Communiqué on China's Outward Direct Investment, showing that in 2019, China's mining industry outward direct investment increased by 10.8% year-on-year; At the end of 2019, the mining sector ranked sixth among all sectors in terms of OFDI stock. At the end of 2019, China's outward direct investment covered all sectors of the national economy, with six industries with a stock size of US$100 billion. Among them, the mining industry is US$175.4 billion, accounting for 8% of China's outward direct investment stock, mainly distributed in oil and gas extraction, non-ferrous metal ore mining and selection, ferrous metal mining and coal mining and other fields.
Generally speaking, the progress of foreign investment of China's mining enterprises is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First,
Chinese mining enterprises have become an important force in the global mining market. China has carried out international production capacity cooperation with many countries. According to incomplete statistics, at present, China has signed production capacity cooperation documents with more than 40 countries such as Kazakhstan, Egypt, Ethiopia and Brazil, and carried out cooperation docking with regional organizations such as ASEAN, the African Union, and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States to carry out institutionalized production capacity cooperation.
In August 2020, Fortune released the Fortune Global 500 list, adding four more companies to the list, once again winning the title of the number of Fortune Global 500 companies. Among them, a total of 23 companies from the mining and crude oil production industry are on the list, and 18 companies from the metals industry are on the list. This shows that China's mining companies have occupied an increasingly important position in the international industry.
Second, the country's competitiveness and innovation capacity continue to improve. According to the Global Competitiveness Report 2019 released by the World Economic Forum, China ranked 28th in the 2019 Global Competitiveness Index, the same as in 2018, with a score of 73.9, 1.3 points higher than in 2018. At the same time, China's mining industry is also constantly improving its international competitiveness and improving the level of resource supply and development and utilization.
Third, overseas mergers and acquisitions of Chinese mining companies have accelerated. With the acceleration of economic globalization, Chinese mining companies have also gained some gains in participating in global market cooperation and mining mergers and acquisitions. Large mining companies such as Minmetals, Chalco, Zijin and Molybdenum have gradually embarked on the road of multinational mining companies through mining mergers and acquisitions.
Fourth, China's mineral exploration activities around the world have increased, which plays an important role in ensuring the supply of energy resources. In recent years, more and more geological survey units in China have begun to "go out" to carry out overseas geological exploration cooperation. As the basic stage of mining investment and development, overseas mineral exploration plays an important role in improving the international competitiveness of Chinese mining enterprises.
Overseas mining cooperation has great promise In the
face of the current international situation, how should Chinese mining enterprises actively participate in global mining development cooperation and promote the healthy and safe development of mining?
The first is to grasp the mining situation, master the mining industry policies, and follow the rules of the international market. At present, the global international situation is still severe and complex, and there are many uncertainties, which have a huge and far-reaching impact on the global mining industry. If mining companies want to occupy a position in the global market, they must understand the global situation and grasp the overall mining market.
Especially in recent years, the United States has frequently issued policies related to energy resources in an attempt to achieve energy and resource independence. For example, in 2018, the U.S. Department of the Interior issued a list of 35 critical minerals; In 2019, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued the Federal Strategy to Ensure the Safe and Reliable Supply of Critical Minerals to the United States; In September 2020, Trump signed the Executive Order to Address the Threat to Domestic Supply Chains from Dependence on Foreign Critical Mineral Minerals, among others. The introduction of these policies is intended to accelerate the global layout of US mineral resources.
The second is to jointly build high-quality development projects of the "Belt and Road". In the process of "going global", mining enterprises should adhere to the principle of consultation, co-construction and sharing, uphold the concept of green, openness and integrity, deepen pragmatic cooperation, strengthen security and promote common development; At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen communication and coordination with relevant international organizations and regulatory authorities to promote the standardization and sustainability of international production capacity cooperation in mining.
The third is to focus on overseas investment in key mineral resources and improve the ability of resource security. In November 2020, the General Office of the State Council issued the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021~2035)", which clarifies that the sales volume of new energy vehicles will reach 20% of the new sales of vehicles in 2025, and proposes to promote the development of the whole value chain of power batteries and encourage enterprises to improve the ability to guarantee key resources such as lithium, nickel, cobalt and platinum.
The United States is also stepping up the development of mineral resources needed to make new energy materials. According to Reuters, Biden has privately sent a signal to U.S. mining companies during the campaign: he will support the domestic industry for the development of new energy vehicles, solar panels and other metals in line with his climate plan.
With the support of policies, downstream enterprises began to lay out mineral resources.
The fourth is to innovate enterprise cooperation and investment models, and improve the diversified investment and financing system. In July 2020, Luoyang Molybdenum innovated the financing model of mining enterprises and signed a metal flow agreement with TripleFlag Precious Metals Company, becoming the first metal flow agreement signed by domestic mining enterprises, breaking the previous model of joint venture development and equity mergers and acquisitions that were mainly based on funds. Relevant experts said that the innovative financing model of mining enterprises plays an important role in deepening cooperation, improving the financial support and guarantee system for serving the "Belt and Road" initiative, and carrying out risk supervision cooperation.